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Nizar Rayan ((アラビア語:نزار ريان), ; also transliterated Rayyan) (6 March 1959–1 January 2009) was a top Hamas leader who served as a liaison between the Palestinian organization's political leadership and its military wing. Also a professor of Islamic law, he became a top clerical authority within Hamas after the death of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin in 2004. Rayan was a strong advocate between 1994 and 2004 or 2005 of suicide attacks on Israel, and his son killed himself on one such mission. Rayan and most of his family were killed in an Israeli airstrike during the Gaza War. ==Personal life and background== Rayan was born in Jabalia, Gaza Strip on 6 March 1959.〔(الغارات الإسرائيلية على قطاع غزة تودي بحياة قيادي بارز في حماس ) (alarabiya)〕〔According to ''The Independent'', Rayan was born in 1956.()〕 In 1982, he received a bachelor of arts degree in religious principles from Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. While there he was influenced by Wahhabism.〔 He then attended the University of Jordan in Amman and in 1990 received a masters degree with honors.〔 In 1994, Rayan completed his PhD in Islamic studies at the Omdurman Islamic University in Omdurman, Sudan.〔〔 His dissertation has the title of ''Future of Islam: Objective Analysis''.〔 After his studies, Rayan returned to Gaza and was employed as a preacher at several local mosques,〔 Jabalia's Imad Aqil Mosque (also known as the "Mosque of martyrs") among them.〔(Nizar Rayan ) ''UK Guardian'' 3 January 2009〕〔 He later became a professor of Islamic law at the Islamic University of Gaza. Rayan was a leading authority on Hadith (sayings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad), and he amassed a 5,000-book library in his home.〔 An Israeli intelligence source describes Rayan as a strong opponent of Shia Islam, who opposed allowing the Shia branch of Islam to establish a foothold in Palestinian territories.〔 Eventually, according to the ''The Jerusalem Post'', Rayan became an important leader in Hamas, in particular a spiritual leader of Hamas's military wing,〔(No tears for Hamas leader in Ramallah ), ''Jerusalem Post'', 1 January 2009.〕 and he regularly went on patrol with Hamas militia after delivering lectures at the Islamic University.〔("Israel fells key Hamas strongman, escalating conflict; says it's ready for ground invasion" ) ''New York Daily News'' 1 January 2009〕 He arguably became Hamas's leading clerical authority after an Israeli airstrike killed Sheikh Ahmed Yassin in 2004.〔 Rayan and Hamas began to strongly advocate for suicide bombing attacks to be carried out against Israel in 1994. According to Chris Hedges who interviewed him, Rayan constantly recalled that Hamas, "began to target Israeli civilians in 1994 only after Palestinian worshipers were gunned down in a Hebron mosque by a Jewish settler, Baruch Goldstein."〔 In 2001, with Rayan's backing his 22-year-old son went on a suicide bombing mission in which he died and killed two Israelis at the former Israeli settlement Elei Sinai in the Gaza Strip.〔〔〔("Obituary: Nizar Rayyan" ) ''BBC'' 1 January 2009〕〔〔〔 Rayan is alleged to have directed the 2004 Ashdod Port attack which killed ten people.〔〔 Hamas ceased its suicide attacks against Israel in 2005,〔〔 but Rayan advocated for their renewal after the 2008-2009 Gaza conflict began.〔(Hardline Hamas leader killed in air strike on Gaza home ) ''The Telegraph'' 1 January 2009〕 Rayan was one of the principal architects of the 2007 Battle of Gaza, in which Fatah security forces were routed and between 116 and 400 Fatah and Hamas fighters and civilians lost their lives. Both Hamas and Fatah were accused of atrocities, including torture, during that conflict.〔〔(Exposing the bitter truth of Gaza carnage ) ''The Age (Australia)'' 23 June 2007〕〔("Gaza-Westbank–ICRC Bulletin No. 22/2007" ) ''Reuters'' 15 June 2007〕 According to ''The Jerusalem Post'', Rayan, "boasted that the Strip had been 'cleansed' of 'traitors' and 'CIA agents' - a reference to Abbas and his former security chiefs."〔 According to a Hamas spokesperson, it is possible the Fatah-dominated Palestinian National Authority asked Israel to kill Rayan due to his role in the Hamas-Fatah clashes.〔 He added that Rayan was one of the main reasons why many of Mahmoud Abbas's men "did not sleep well at night."〔 Rayan was fundamentally opposed to the state of Israel.〔 According to Israeli-American writer Jeffrey Goldberg, he at one time stated, "True Islam would never allow a Jewish state to survive in the Muslim Middle East. Israel is an impossibility. It is an offense against God." Goldberg also reported that Rayan said he believed Jews are a "cursed people" some of whom were transformed into pigs and apes by Allah,〔 and that Jews must pay for murdering the prophets of Islam and "closing () ears to the Messenger of Allah."〔 Rayan married four women with whom he had twelve children.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Israel destroys Hamas homes, flattens Gaza mosque ) 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nizar Rayan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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